Physiology Heart & Blood Vessel

The heart is a hollow muscular organ located in the center of the chest.
Right and left parts of each heart has room for (the atrium, which collects the blood and the bottom (the ventricles) bleeding.

In order for blood to flow only in one direction, then the ventricles have a valve at the entrance and an exit valve on.

The main function of the heart is to provide oxygen to the body and cleanse the body from the metabolism (carbon dioxide).
Heart perform these functions by collecting blood from lack of oxygen throughout the body and pumping it into the lungs, where blood will take the oxygen and remove carbon dioxide; heart then collects oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumping it to the network throughout the body.

HEART FUNCTION

At the time of pulsing, each room and filled the heart relaxes the blood (called diastole); then the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the heart (called systole).
The two atria relax and contract simultaneously, and both ventricles was also relaxed and contract simultaneously.

Blood is running out of oxygen and contains a lot of carbon dioxide from the body flows through the veins elated 2 (vena cava) into the right atrium.
After the right atrium fills with blood, he would push the blood into the right ventricle.

Blood from the right ventricle will be pumped through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery, leading to the lungs.
Blood will flow through very small vessels (capillaries) that surrounds the air bag in the lungs, absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide which then exhaled.

Blood rich in oxygen flow in the pulmonary vein into the left atrium.
Circulation between the right side of the heart, lungs and the left atrium called the pulmonary circulation.

Blood in the left atrium will be pushed into the left ventricle, which then pumps the blood that is rich in oxygen through the aortic valve into the aorta (largest artery in the body).
This oxygen-rich blood available to the entire body except the lungs.

Blood vessels

The entire circulatory system (cardiovascular system) consists of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins.

Artery (strength and flexibility) carrying blood from the heart and blood pressure to bear the highest.
Flexibility helps maintain blood pressure between heart rate.
The smaller arteries and arterioles have muscular walls which adjusts its diameter to increase or decrease blood flow to certain areas.

Capillary blood vessels which are delicate and very thin-walled, which serves as a bridge between an artery (carrying blood from the heart) and veins (carry blood back to the heart).
Capillaries allow oxygen and nutrients move from the blood into the tissues and allows the metabolic switch from the blood into the tissue.

Of capillaries, blood flows into venules and then into the vein, which would bring the blood back to the heart.
Veins have thin walls, but usually larger in diameter than the arteries; that carry blood vein in the same volume but with lower speeds and less under pressure.

BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HEART

Heart muscle (myocardium) itself receives a portion of a given volume of blood that flows through the atrium and ventricle
A system of arterial and venous (coronary circulation) provides a rich blood oxygen to myocardium and then return the blood that contains no oxygen into the right atrium.

Right coronary artery and the left coronary artery is a branch of the aorta; cardiac venous blood flow into the sinurskoroner, which will restore the blood into the right atrium.

Most of the blood flow into the coronary circulation when the heart is relaxed between the pulse (during ventricular diastole).

SYMPTOMS HEART DISEASE

1. Pain

If the muscles are not getting enough blood (a condition called ischemic), it insufficient oxygen and the metabolism of excessive cramp or spasm.
Angina is a feeling of tightness in the chest or a feeling crumpled chest, which occurs if the heart muscle not getting enough blood.
Type and severity of pain or discomfort will vary in each person. Some people myang shortage of blood flow can not feel any pain at all (a condition called silent ischemia).

If blood flow to other muscles (especially the calf muscles) are too few, usually the patient will feel muscle pain during the oppressive and exhausting activity (claudication).

Pericarditis (inflammation or injury to the bag that surrounds the heart) that will cause pain got worse when the patient lie down and will improve if the patient sitting and bending forward.
Physical activity does not cause pain worse.
If you draw breath, or exhaled breath causes pain is getting better or getting worse, then it might also have occurred pleuritis (inflammation of the membranes covering the lungs).

If an arterial tear or rupture, the patient could feel the sharp pain of relapsing-remitting quickly and are not associated with physical activity.

Sometimes the main arteries (especially aortic) were damaged.
An aneurysm (aortic protrusion) can unexpectedly leak or pad has a small tear, so the blood infiltrated the layers of the aorta (aortic dissection). This is a sudden severe pain that causes relapsing-remitting due to further damage (rupture of the aorta) or the migration of blood from the channel of origin.
Pain from the aorta is often felt in the back of the neck, between the shoulders, lower back or abdomen.

Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle can project into the left atrium during left ventricular contraction (mitralis valve prolapse).
Patients sometimes feel pain like needles being stabbed or stabbed.
Pain usually centered under the left breast and was not influenced by the position and physical activity.

2. Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath are common symptoms of heart failure.
Shortness is the result of the entry of liquid into the air cavities in the lungs (pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema).

In the early stages of heart failure, patients only feel shortness of breath during physical activity.In line with the deterioration of disease, shortness will happen when people do a light activity, even when the patient is resting (no activity).
Most people feel shortness of breath when he was in a lying position as fluid flows into the lung tissue. If seated, the force of gravity causes the fluid collects in the bottom of the lungs and difficulty will be reduced.

Shortness of breath at night (nocturnal dispneu) is packed that occur while the patient lay down at night and will be lost if the patient sitting upright.

Shortness of breath does not only occur in heart disease; sufferers of lung diseases, diseases of respiratory muscles or the nervous system diseases that played a role in the process of respiration may also experience shortness of breath.
Any disease that disturbs the balance between supply and demand of oxygen can cause shortness of breath (eg malfunctioning of oxygen transport by blood in anemia or increasing the body's metabolism in hyperthyroidism).

3. Fatigue or tiredness

If the heart is not pumping effectively, blood flow to the muscles during an activity will decrease, causing the patient to feel weak and tired. These symptoms are often mild.
To overcome this, patients often reduce their activity or thought gradually this phenomenon as part of aging.

4. Palpitations (pounding heart)

Usually one does not notice his heartbeat. But in certain circumstances (for example, if a healthy person doing heavy exercise or experience the dramatic), he could feel his heartbeat.
His heart beat with a very strong or very fast or irregular.

Doctors can reinforce this phenomenon with the feeling my pulse and listened to the heartbeat through a stethoscope.
Palpitations that occur along with other symptoms (shortness of breath, pain, fatigue, fatigue or fainting) may be a result of an abnormal heart rhythm or serious heart disease.

5. Dizziness & fainting

Decrease in blood flow due to rate or abnormal heart rhythms or poor pumping ability, can cause dizziness and fainting.
These symptoms can also be caused by diseases of the brain or spinal cord, or can without serious cause.
Strong emotions or pain (which activates the part of the nervous system), can also cause fainting.